Elaheh Sadat Hosseini*, Soheila Mohammadi*, Reza Khodarahmi, Mohamad Hassan Fouani, Omid Tavallaei, Khojaste Rahimi Jaberi, Zahra Shabaninejad, Sajjad Janfaza, Rezvan Yazdian-Robati and Soraya Sajadimajd Pages 3945 - 3972 ( 28 )
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a long-term, degenerative, and neurological disease in which a person loses control of certain body functions. The formulation of novel effective therapeutics for PD as a neurodegenerative disease requires accurate and efficient diagnosis at the early stages.
Objective: Analyzing data gathered by measurable signals converted from biological reactions allows for qualitative and quantitative evaluations. Among various approaches reported so far, biosensors are powerful analytical tools that have been used in detecting the biomarkers of PD.
Methods: Biosensor’s biological recognition components include antibodies, receptors, microorganisms, nucleic acids, enzymes, cells and tissues, and biomimetic structures. This review introduces electrochemical, optical, and optochemical detection of PD biomarkers based on recent advances in nanotechnology and material science, which resulted in the development of high-performance biosensors in this field.
Results: PD biomarkers such as α-synuclein protein, dopamine (DA), urate, ascorbic acid, miRNAs, and their biological roles are summarized. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of the usual standard methods are reviewed. We compared electrochemical, optical, and optochemical biosensors' properties and novel strategies for higher sensitivity and selectivity.
Conclusion: The development of novel biosensors is required for the early diagnosis of PD as sensitive, rapid, reliable, and cost-effective systems.
Neurodegenerative disease, electrochemical biosensors, optical biosensors, optochemical biosensors, parkinson, biomarker.
Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah