Michael Mokotoff*, Jian Chen, Jie-Hua Zhou and Edward D. Ball Pages 87 - 100 ( 14 )
Peptide growth factor receptors on the surface of malignant cells bind to their ligands with high affinity, resulting in intracellular responses which cause differentiation, growth, and the survival of these cells. Peptide growth factors, or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which target growth factor receptors, have been conjugated to drugs, toxins, radionuclides, or other mAbs that recognize/activate effector cells which can phagocytose or kill. These types of conjugated products, whrch have the ability to kill malignant cells, we call bispecific molecules (BsMol) and is the basis of this review article. The growth factors/receptors covered include α- and β-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide (BN/GRP), epidermal growth factor (EGF), HER-2/neu oncogene protein (p185HER2), interleukin-2, and somatostatin. The preparation and biological use/activity of the following BsMol are discussed: β-MSH-daunomycin, [Nie4,D-Phe7]MSH-anti-CD3, 111In-DTPA-bis-α -MSH, DAB389-MSH, mAb22-Lys-BN, mAb22-Antag1, anti-EGFR/anti-CD3, DOXER2, DAB389EGF, 1111n-DTPA-225, anti- p185HER2-SAP, 2B1, MDX-210, humAb4D5-8 x humAbUCHT1, DAB 486 1L-2,1111n-DTPA- octreotide (OctreoScan® ), OX-26-NGF, and IVA039.1.