Guangyue Zu, Ye Kuang, Jingjin Dong, Yi Cao, Tingting Zhang, Min Liu*, Liqiang Luo* and Renjun Pei* Pages 2910 - 2937 ( 28 )
Contrast agents (CAs) are widely used to improve the signal-noise ratio in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. The majority of MRI CAs used in clinic are gadolinium( III) (Gd(III)) chelates with low molecular weight. Compared with these small-molecule CAs, Gd(III)-based polymeric magnetic resonance imaging agents (i.e. macromolecular contrast agents, mCAs), prepared by conjugating small-molecule Gd(III) chelates onto macromolecules, possess high relaxivity and relative long blood circulation time, which are favorable for MRI examinations. In last decades, increasing attention was paid to the design of mCAs with various structures, and further evaluation of the MRI performance both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we focus on the recent progress of mCAs, including structures, properties and applications. Meanwhile, this review also highlights the emerging MRI mCAs with smart response and multi-function: tumor microenvironment- stimulated MRI, multi-mode imaging and MRI-based theranostics.
Magnetic resonance imaging, gadolinium(III)-based polymeric contrast agents, stimuli-responsive, multi-mode imaging, theranostics, tumor imaging.
Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, School of Pharmacy, Xi`an Jiaotong University, Xi`an 710061, Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123