Mohammed Kaleem, Maryam Perwaiz, Suza Mohammad Nur, Abdulrasheed O. Abdulrahman, Wasim Ahmad, Fahad A. Al-Abbasi, Vikas Kumar, Mohammad Amjad Kamal and Firoz Anwar* Pages 1436 - 1458 ( 23 )
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly resistant, lethal, and metastatic sub-division of breast carcinoma, characterized by the deficiency of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). In women, TNBC shows a higher aggressive behavior with poor patient prognosis and a higher recurrence rate during reproductive age. TNBC is defined by the presence of epithelial- to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), which shows a significant role in cancer progression. At the epigenetic level, TNBC is characterized by epigenetic signatures, such as DNA methylation, histone remodeling, and a host of miRNA, MiR-193, LncRNA, HIF- 2α, eEF2K, LIN9/NEK2, IMP3, LISCH7/TGF-β1, GD3s, KLK12, mediated regulation. These modifications either are silenced or activate the necessary genes that are prevalent in TNBC. The review is based on epigenetic mediated mechanistic changes in TNBC. Furthermore, Thymoquinone (TQ), Regorafenib, Fangjihuangqi decoction, Saikosaponin A, and Huaier, etc., are potent antitumor natural compounds extensively reported in the literature. Further, the review emphasizes the role of these natural compounds in TNBC and their possible epigenetic targets, which can be utilized as a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of TNBC.
TNBC, genes, DNA methylation, natural compounds, breast cancer, estrogen receptor.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Department of Sciences, University of Toronto. Mississauga, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Department of Kuliyate Tib, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Kottigepalya, Bengaluru, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Natural Product Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences. SHUATS, Naini, Prayagraj, West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589